Aubrey's Corner

Do A Computer Need An Alternating Current Voltage Of 220 Volts?

One of the ironies of the PC lies in the fact that it needs the constant current for normal work, and AC current of 220V is supplied to the input of the power supply unit (PSU). It is clear: where do we take the direct current, only from the normal AC power bringing it to the desired condition. Therefore, all the work to transform the current “puts on the fragile shoulders of” PSU. What is a modern power supply unit? The average power of modern PSU is from 300 to 500W. PSU produces the following voltage:
• basic stable +5 V (current 10-50A);
• +12 V (current strength 3.5-15A) – to power the engine, and interface circuits;
•-12V (current 0,3 – 1A) – to power the front-end circuits;
•-5V (current 0,3-0,5 A) – not commonly used, has been reviewed for compatibility with standard ISA Bus);
• +3,3 V – to power the RAM.
ATX power supply circuit has a standardized color-coding. The color-coding of the main power supply connector is:
• GND – black (earth »);
• +5 V – red;
• +12 V – yellow;
•-5V – white;
•-12V – blue;
• +3,3 V – orange;
• + 3,3 V Sense – brown (serves as a feedback signal for a surge protector +3.3 V);
• +5 VSB – Raspberry (“duty” chain Standby);
• PS-ON – green (a chain of the controlling signal including the main sources of stress + 5, 3.3, +12, -12, and-5B);
• PW-OK – gray (the signal path of the normal power supply – Power OK).
Color-coding of the additional connector:
• +3,3 V Sense – white with brown stripes;
• FanC – white with blue stripes (the signal chain for fan speed control – applying a voltage 0 … +12 V at a current up to 20mA)
• FanM – white (a signal from the tachometric sensor of PSU fan – two pulses for each revolution of the rotor);
• 1394V – white with red stripes (+ isolated from the circuit of the “ground” of source voltage 8-48V to power the device on the bus IEEE-1394 [FireWire]);
• 1394R – white with black stripes (- isolated from the circuit of the “ground” of source voltage 8-48V to power the device on the bus IEEE-1394 [FireWire]).
In modern PSU standards ATX power supply voltage of 220V is present only inside the case of PSU. At the same time only a direct current of low voltage is contained inside the system unit (this is done for safety reasons). PSU fan is powered by a network of 12 V. The interface of the power management allows you to do a software power off (from the operating system – through the Start button, etc.). How to test your PSU? Sometimes when repairing a PC it is necessary to verify that power supply. How to do it without connecting PSU to a PC? To do this you need to connect the power supply any load (eg, CD-ROM or floppy disk), short-circuit the green and any black wire in the connector of PSU (for example, using the paper clip) and turn on the PSU. A fan immediately will start working on the proper PSU and the LED drive will turn on (connected as a load).

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